[PATCH v5 6/6] kernel.h: handle pointers to arrays better in container_of()

[Ian Abbott]

If the first parameter of container_of() is a pointer to a
non-const-qualified array type (and the third parameter names a
non-const-qualified array member), the local variable __mptr will be
defined with a const-qualified array type.  In ISO C, these types are
incompatible.  They work as expected in GNU C, but some versions will
issue warnings.  For example, GCC 4.9 produces the warning
"initialization from incompatible pointer type".

Here is an example of where the problem occurs:

-------------------------------------------------------
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

struct st {
	int a;
	char b[16];
};

static int __init example_init(void) {
	struct st t = { .a = 101, .b = "hello" };
	char (*p)[16] = &t.b;
	struct st *x = container_of(p, struct st, b);
	printk(KERN_DEBUG "%p %p\n", (void *)&t, (void *)x);
	return 0;
}

static void __exit example_exit(void) {
}

module_init(example_init);
module_exit(example_exit);
-------------------------------------------------------

Building the module with gcc-4.9 results in these warnings (where '{m}'
is the module source and '{k}' is the kernel source):

-------------------------------------------------------
In file included from {m}/example.c:1:0:
{m}/example.c: In function âexample_initâ:
{k}/include/linux/kernel.h:854:48: warning: initialization from
incompatible pointer type
  const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr); \
                                                ^
{m}/example.c:14:17: note: in expansion of macro âcontainer_ofâ
  struct st *x = container_of(p, struct st, b);
                 ^
{k}/include/linux/kernel.h:854:48: warning: (near initialization for
âxâ)
  const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr); \
                                                ^
{m}/example.c:14:17: note: in expansion of macro âcontainer_ofâ
  struct st *x = container_of(p, struct st, b);
                 ^
-------------------------------------------------------

Replace the type checking performed by the macro to avoid these
warnings.  Make sure `*(ptr)` either has type compatible with the
member, or has type compatible with `void`, ignoring qualifiers.  Raise
compiler errors if this is not true.  This is stronger than the previous
behaviour, which only resulted in compiler warnings for a type mismatch.

Signed-off-by: Ian Abbott <abbotti@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Hidehiro Kawai <hidehiro.kawai.ez@xxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@xxxxxxx>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@xxxxxxxxxx>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
v2: Rebased and altered description to provide an example of when the
compiler warnings occur.  v1 (from 2016-10-10) also modified a
'container_of_safe()' macro that never made it out of "linux-next".
v3: Added back some type checking at the suggestion of Michal
Nazarewicz with some helpful hints by Peter Zijlstra.
v4: No change.
v5: Added Acked-by for Michal Nazarewicz.  Included <linux/build_bug.h>
instead of <linux/bug.h> to avoid a circular dependency that resulted in
build failures when <asm/bug.h> was included before <linux/kernel.h>.
---
 include/linux/kernel.h | 9 ++++++---
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/kernel.h b/include/linux/kernel.h
index 13bc08aba704..1c9c11c9f1a8 100644
--- a/include/linux/kernel.h
+++ b/include/linux/kernel.h
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <linux/log2.h>
 #include <linux/typecheck.h>
 #include <linux/printk.h>
+#include <linux/build_bug.h>
 #include <asm/byteorder.h>
 #include <uapi/linux/kernel.h>
 
@@ -850,9 +851,11 @@ static inline void ftrace_dump(enum ftrace_dump_mode oops_dump_mode) { }
  * @member:	the name of the member within the struct.
  *
  */
-#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({			\
-	const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr);	\
-	(type *)( (char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member) );})
+#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({				\
+	BUILD_BUG_ON_MSG(!__same_type(*(ptr), ((type *)0)->member) &&	\
+			 !__same_type(*(ptr), void),			\
+			 "pointer type mismatch in container_of()");	\
+	((type *)((char *)(ptr) - offsetof(type, member))); })
 
 /* Rebuild everything on CONFIG_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD */
 #ifdef CONFIG_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD
-- 
2.11.0