[PATCH 9/9] psi: cgroup support

From: Johannes Weiner
Date: Wed Aug 01 2018 - 11:17:47 EST

On a system that executes multiple cgrouped jobs and independent
workloads, we don't just care about the health of the overall system,
but also that of individual jobs, so that we can ensure individual job
health, fairness between jobs, or prioritize some jobs over others.

This patch implements pressure stall tracking for cgroups. In kernels
with CONFIG_PSI=y, cgroup2 groups will have cpu.pressure,
memory.pressure, and io.pressure files that track aggregate pressure
stall times for only the tasks inside the cgroup.

v3:
- fix copy-paste indentation screwups

Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@xxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@xxxxxxxxxxx>
---
Documentation/accounting/psi.txt | 9 ++++
Documentation/cgroup-v2.txt | 18 +++++++
include/linux/cgroup-defs.h | 4 ++
include/linux/cgroup.h | 15 ++++++
include/linux/psi.h | 25 ++++++++++
init/Kconfig | 4 ++
kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c | 45 +++++++++++++++++-
kernel/sched/psi.c | 81 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
8 files changed, 197 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/accounting/psi.txt b/Documentation/accounting/psi.txt
index 51e7ef14142e..e051810d5127 100644
--- a/Documentation/accounting/psi.txt
+++ b/Documentation/accounting/psi.txt
@@ -62,3 +62,12 @@ well as medium and long term trends. The total absolute stall time is
tracked and exported as well, to allow detection of latency spikes
which wouldn't necessarily make a dent in the time averages, or to
average trends over custom time frames.
+
+Cgroup2 interface
+=================
+
+In a system with a CONFIG_CGROUP=y kernel and the cgroup2 filesystem
+mounted, pressure stall information is also tracked for tasks grouped
+into cgroups. Each subdirectory in the cgroupfs mountpoint contains
+cpu.pressure, memory.pressure, and io.pressure files; the format is
+the same as the /proc/pressure/ files.
diff --git a/Documentation/cgroup-v2.txt b/Documentation/cgroup-v2.txt
index 74cdeaed9f7a..a22879dba019 100644
--- a/Documentation/cgroup-v2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/cgroup-v2.txt
@@ -963,6 +963,12 @@ All time durations are in microseconds.
$PERIOD duration. "max" for $MAX indicates no limit. If only
one number is written, $MAX is updated.

+ cpu.pressure
+ A read-only nested-key file which exists on non-root cgroups.
+
+ Shows pressure stall information for CPU. See
+ Documentation/accounting/psi.txt for details.
+

Memory
------
@@ -1199,6 +1205,12 @@ PAGE_SIZE multiple when read back.
Swap usage hard limit. If a cgroup's swap usage reaches this
limit, anonymous memory of the cgroup will not be swapped out.

+ memory.pressure
+ A read-only nested-key file which exists on non-root cgroups.
+
+ Shows pressure stall information for memory. See
+ Documentation/accounting/psi.txt for details.
+

Usage Guidelines
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -1334,6 +1346,12 @@ IO Interface Files

8:16 rbps=2097152 wbps=max riops=max wiops=max

+ io.pressure
+ A read-only nested-key file which exists on non-root cgroups.
+
+ Shows pressure stall information for IO. See
+ Documentation/accounting/psi.txt for details.
+

Writeback
~~~~~~~~~
diff --git a/include/linux/cgroup-defs.h b/include/linux/cgroup-defs.h
index dc5b70449dc6..280f18da956a 100644
--- a/include/linux/cgroup-defs.h
+++ b/include/linux/cgroup-defs.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
#include <linux/u64_stats_sync.h>
#include <linux/workqueue.h>
#include <linux/bpf-cgroup.h>
+#include <linux/psi_types.h>

#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUPS

@@ -424,6 +425,9 @@ struct cgroup {
/* used to schedule release agent */
struct work_struct release_agent_work;

+ /* used to track pressure stalls */
+ struct psi_group psi;
+
/* used to store eBPF programs */
struct cgroup_bpf bpf;

diff --git a/include/linux/cgroup.h b/include/linux/cgroup.h
index 473e0c0abb86..fd94c294c207 100644
--- a/include/linux/cgroup.h
+++ b/include/linux/cgroup.h
@@ -627,6 +627,11 @@ static inline void pr_cont_cgroup_path(struct cgroup *cgrp)
pr_cont_kernfs_path(cgrp->kn);
}

+static inline struct psi_group *cgroup_psi(struct cgroup *cgrp)
+{
+ return &cgrp->psi;
+}
+
static inline void cgroup_init_kthreadd(void)
{
/*
@@ -680,6 +685,16 @@ static inline union kernfs_node_id *cgroup_get_kernfs_id(struct cgroup *cgrp)
return NULL;
}

+static inline struct cgroup *cgroup_parent(struct cgroup *cgrp)
+{
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline struct psi_group *cgroup_psi(struct cgroup *cgrp)
+{
+ return NULL;
+}
+
static inline bool task_under_cgroup_hierarchy(struct task_struct *task,
struct cgroup *ancestor)
{
diff --git a/include/linux/psi.h b/include/linux/psi.h
index 371af1479699..05c3dae3e9c5 100644
--- a/include/linux/psi.h
+++ b/include/linux/psi.h
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@
#include <linux/psi_types.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>

+struct seq_file;
+struct css_set;
+
#ifdef CONFIG_PSI

extern bool psi_disabled;
@@ -15,6 +18,14 @@ void psi_task_change(struct task_struct *task, u64 now, int clear, int set);
void psi_memstall_enter(unsigned long *flags);
void psi_memstall_leave(unsigned long *flags);

+int psi_show(struct seq_file *s, struct psi_group *group, enum psi_res res);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUPS
+int psi_cgroup_alloc(struct cgroup *cgrp);
+void psi_cgroup_free(struct cgroup *cgrp);
+void cgroup_move_task(struct task_struct *p, struct css_set *to);
+#endif
+
#else /* CONFIG_PSI */

static inline void psi_init(void) {}
@@ -22,6 +33,20 @@ static inline void psi_init(void) {}
static inline void psi_memstall_enter(unsigned long *flags) {}
static inline void psi_memstall_leave(unsigned long *flags) {}

+#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUPS
+static inline int psi_cgroup_alloc(struct cgroup *cgrp)
+{
+ return 0;
+}
+static inline void psi_cgroup_free(struct cgroup *cgrp)
+{
+}
+static inline void cgroup_move_task(struct task_struct *p, struct css_set *to)
+{
+ rcu_assign_pointer(p->cgroups, to);
+}
+#endif
+
#endif /* CONFIG_PSI */

#endif /* _LINUX_PSI_H */
diff --git a/init/Kconfig b/init/Kconfig
index ad61ddb5d68e..5c029f8d69f1 100644
--- a/init/Kconfig
+++ b/init/Kconfig
@@ -468,6 +468,10 @@ config PSI
the share of walltime in which some or all tasks in the system are
delayed due to contention of the respective resource.

+ In kernels with cgroup support (cgroup2 only), cgroups will
+ have cpu.pressure, memory.pressure, and io.pressure files,
+ which aggregate pressure stalls for the grouped tasks only.
+
For more details see Documentation/accounting/psi.txt.

Say N if unsure.
diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c
index a662bfcbea0e..bbb00b3ab752 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
#include <linux/proc_ns.h>
#include <linux/nsproxy.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
+#include <linux/psi.h>
#include <net/sock.h>

#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
@@ -826,7 +827,7 @@ static void css_set_move_task(struct task_struct *task,
*/
WARN_ON_ONCE(task->flags & PF_EXITING);

- rcu_assign_pointer(task->cgroups, to_cset);
+ cgroup_move_task(task, to_cset);
list_add_tail(&task->cg_list, use_mg_tasks ? &to_cset->mg_tasks :
&to_cset->tasks);
}
@@ -3388,6 +3389,21 @@ static int cpu_stat_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
return ret;
}

+#ifdef CONFIG_PSI
+static int cgroup_io_pressure_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
+{
+ return psi_show(seq, &seq_css(seq)->cgroup->psi, PSI_IO);
+}
+static int cgroup_memory_pressure_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
+{
+ return psi_show(seq, &seq_css(seq)->cgroup->psi, PSI_MEM);
+}
+static int cgroup_cpu_pressure_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
+{
+ return psi_show(seq, &seq_css(seq)->cgroup->psi, PSI_CPU);
+}
+#endif
+
static int cgroup_file_open(struct kernfs_open_file *of)
{
struct cftype *cft = of->kn->priv;
@@ -4499,6 +4515,23 @@ static struct cftype cgroup_base_files[] = {
.flags = CFTYPE_NOT_ON_ROOT,
.seq_show = cpu_stat_show,
},
+#ifdef CONFIG_PSI
+ {
+ .name = "io.pressure",
+ .flags = CFTYPE_NOT_ON_ROOT,
+ .seq_show = cgroup_io_pressure_show,
+ },
+ {
+ .name = "memory.pressure",
+ .flags = CFTYPE_NOT_ON_ROOT,
+ .seq_show = cgroup_memory_pressure_show,
+ },
+ {
+ .name = "cpu.pressure",
+ .flags = CFTYPE_NOT_ON_ROOT,
+ .seq_show = cgroup_cpu_pressure_show,
+ },
+#endif
{ } /* terminate */
};

@@ -4559,6 +4592,7 @@ static void css_free_rwork_fn(struct work_struct *work)
*/
cgroup_put(cgroup_parent(cgrp));
kernfs_put(cgrp->kn);
+ psi_cgroup_free(cgrp);
if (cgroup_on_dfl(cgrp))
cgroup_stat_exit(cgrp);
kfree(cgrp);
@@ -4805,10 +4839,15 @@ static struct cgroup *cgroup_create(struct cgroup *parent)
cgrp->self.parent = &parent->self;
cgrp->root = root;
cgrp->level = level;
- ret = cgroup_bpf_inherit(cgrp);
+
+ ret = psi_cgroup_alloc(cgrp);
if (ret)
goto out_idr_free;

+ ret = cgroup_bpf_inherit(cgrp);
+ if (ret)
+ goto out_psi_free;
+
for (tcgrp = cgrp; tcgrp; tcgrp = cgroup_parent(tcgrp)) {
cgrp->ancestor_ids[tcgrp->level] = tcgrp->id;

@@ -4846,6 +4885,8 @@ static struct cgroup *cgroup_create(struct cgroup *parent)

return cgrp;

+out_psi_free:
+ psi_cgroup_free(cgrp);
out_idr_free:
cgroup_idr_remove(&root->cgroup_idr, cgrp->id);
out_stat_exit:
diff --git a/kernel/sched/psi.c b/kernel/sched/psi.c
index 57ec86592b5a..a20f885da66f 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/psi.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/psi.c
@@ -464,6 +464,9 @@ static void psi_group_change(struct psi_group *group, int cpu, u64 now,

void psi_task_change(struct task_struct *task, u64 now, int clear, int set)
{
+#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUPS
+ struct cgroup *cgroup, *parent;
+#endif
int cpu = task_cpu(task);

if (psi_disabled)
@@ -485,6 +488,18 @@ void psi_task_change(struct task_struct *task, u64 now, int clear, int set)
task->psi_flags |= set;

psi_group_change(&psi_system, cpu, now, clear, set);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUPS
+ cgroup = task->cgroups->dfl_cgrp;
+ while (cgroup && (parent = cgroup_parent(cgroup))) {
+ struct psi_group *group;
+
+ group = cgroup_psi(cgroup);
+ psi_group_change(group, cpu, now, clear, set);
+
+ cgroup = parent;
+ }
+#endif
}

/**
@@ -551,8 +566,70 @@ void psi_memstall_leave(unsigned long *flags)
rq_unlock_irq(rq, &rf);
}

-static int psi_show(struct seq_file *m, struct psi_group *group,
- enum psi_res res)
+#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUPS
+int psi_cgroup_alloc(struct cgroup *cgroup)
+{
+ cgroup->psi.pcpu = alloc_percpu(struct psi_group_cpu);
+ if (!cgroup->psi.pcpu)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ psi_group_init(&cgroup->psi);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+void psi_cgroup_free(struct cgroup *cgroup)
+{
+ cancel_delayed_work_sync(&cgroup->psi.clock_work);
+ free_percpu(cgroup->psi.pcpu);
+}
+
+/**
+ * cgroup_move_task - move task to a different cgroup
+ * @task: the task
+ * @to: the target css_set
+ *
+ * Move task to a new cgroup and safely migrate its associated stall
+ * state between the different groups.
+ *
+ * This function acquires the task's rq lock to lock out concurrent
+ * changes to the task's scheduling state and - in case the task is
+ * running - concurrent changes to its stall state.
+ */
+void cgroup_move_task(struct task_struct *task, struct css_set *to)
+{
+ unsigned int task_flags = 0;
+ struct rq_flags rf;
+ struct rq *rq;
+ u64 now;
+
+ rq = task_rq_lock(task, &rf);
+
+ if (task_on_rq_queued(task))
+ task_flags = TSK_RUNNING;
+ else if (task->in_iowait)
+ task_flags = TSK_IOWAIT;
+ if (task->flags & PF_MEMSTALL)
+ task_flags |= TSK_MEMSTALL;
+
+ if (task_flags) {
+ update_rq_clock(rq);
+ now = rq_clock(rq);
+ psi_task_change(task, now, task_flags, 0);
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Lame to do this here, but the scheduler cannot be locked
+ * from the outside, so we move cgroups from inside sched/.
+ */
+ rcu_assign_pointer(task->cgroups, to);
+
+ if (task_flags)
+ psi_task_change(task, now, 0, task_flags);
+
+ task_rq_unlock(rq, task, &rf);
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_CGROUPS */
+
+int psi_show(struct seq_file *m, struct psi_group *group, enum psi_res res)
{
int full;

--
2.18.0