Re: [PATCH v2] Makefile.llvm: simplify LLVM build

[Nick Desaulniers]

Masahiro and Nathan,
I get daily reminders that `make CC=clang LD=ld.lld NM=llvm-nm ...`
sucks. I always prioritize code reviews for you, can you please carve
out time to review+test+provide feedback for me?

On Tue, Mar 17, 2020 at 2:55 PM Nick Desaulniers
<ndesaulniers@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
>
> Prior to this patch, building the Linux kernel with Clang
> looked like:
>
> $ make CC=clang
>
> or when cross compiling:
>
> $ ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- make CC=clang
>
> which got very verbose and unwieldy when using all of LLVM's substitutes
> for GNU binutils:
>
> $ ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- make CC=clang AS=clang \
>   LD=ld.lld AR=llvm-ar NM=llvm-nm STRIP=llvm-strip \
>   OBJCOPY=llvm-objcopy OBJDUMP=llvm-objdump OBJSIZE=llvm-objsize \
>   READELF=llvm-readelf HOSTCC=clang HOSTCXX=clang++ HOSTAR=llvm-ar \
>   HOSTLD=ld.lld
>
> This change adds a new Makefile under scripts/ which will be included in
> the top level Makefile AFTER CC and friends are set, in order to make
> the use of LLVM utilities when building a Linux kernel more ergonomic.
>
> With this patch, the above now looks like:
>
> $ ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- make LLVM=y
>
> Then you can "opt out" of certain LLVM utilities explicitly:
>
> $ ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- make LLVM=y AS=as
>
> will instead invoke arm-linux-gnueabihf-as in place of clang for AS.
>
> Or when not cross compiling:
>
> $ make LLVM=y AS=as
>
> This would make it more verbose to opt into just one tool from LLVM, but
> this patch doesn't actually break the old style; just leave off LLVM=y.
> Also, LLVM=y CC=clang would wind up prefixing clang with $CROSS_COMPILE.
> In that case, it's recommended to just drop LLVM=y and use the old
> style. So LLVM=y can be thought of as default to LLVM with explicit opt
> ins for GNU, vs the current case of default to GNU and opt in for LLVM.
>
> A key part of the design of this patch is to be minimally invasive to
> the top level Makefile and not break existing workflows. We could get
> more aggressive, but I'd prefer to save larger refactorings for another
> day.
>
> Finally, some linux distributions package specific versions of LLVM
> utilities with naming conventions that use the version as a suffix, ie.
> clang-11.  In that case, you can use LLVM=<number> and that number will
> be used as a suffix. Example:
>
> $ make LLVM=11
>
> will invoke clang-11, ld.lld-11, llvm-objcopy-11, etc.
>
> About the script:
> The pattern used in the script is in the form:
>
> ifeq "$(origin $(CC))" "file"
> $(CC) := $(clang)
> else
> override $(CC) := $(CROSS_COMPILE)$(CC)
> endif
>
> "Metaprogramming" (eval) is used to template the above to make it more
> concise for specifying all of the substitutions.
>
> The "origin" of a variable tracks whether a variable was explicitly set
> via "command line", "environment", was defined earlier via Makefile
> "file", was provided by "default", or was "undefined".
>
> Variable assignment in GNU Make has some special and complicated rules.
>
> If the variable was set earlier explicitly in the Makefile, we can
> simply reassign a new value to it. If a variable was unspecified, then
> earlier assignments were executed and change the origin to file.
> Otherwise, the variable was explicitly specified.
>
> If a variable's "origin" was "command line" or "environment",
> non-"override" assignments are not executed. The "override" directive
> forces the assignment regardless of "origin".
>
> Some tips I found useful for debugging for future travelers:
>
> $(info $$origin of $$CC is $(origin CC))
>
> at the start of the new script for all of the variables can help you
> understand "default" vs "undefined" variable origins.
>
> $(info $$CC is [${CC}])
>
> in the top level Makefile after including the new script, for all of the
> variables can help you check that they're being set as expected.
>
> Link: https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Eval-Function.html
> Link: https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Origin-Function.html
> Link: https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Implicit-Variables.html
> Link: https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Override-Directive.html
> Suggested-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@xxxxxxxxx>
> Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@xxxxxxxxxx>
> ---
> Changes V1 -> V2:
> * Rather than LLVM=1, use LLVM=y to enable all.
> * LLVM=<anything other than y> becomes a suffix, LLVM_SUFFIX.
> * strip has to be used on the LLVM_SUFFIX to avoid an extra whitespace.
>
>
>  Makefile              |  4 ++++
>  scripts/Makefile.llvm | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  2 files changed, 34 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 scripts/Makefile.llvm
>
> diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
> index 402f276da062..72ec9dfea15e 100644
> --- a/Makefile
> +++ b/Makefile
> @@ -475,6 +475,10 @@ KBUILD_LDFLAGS :=
>  GCC_PLUGINS_CFLAGS :=
>  CLANG_FLAGS :=
>
> +ifneq ($(LLVM),)
> +include scripts/Makefile.llvm
> +endif
> +
>  export ARCH SRCARCH CONFIG_SHELL BASH HOSTCC KBUILD_HOSTCFLAGS CROSS_COMPILE AS LD CC
>  export CPP AR NM STRIP OBJCOPY OBJDUMP OBJSIZE READELF PAHOLE LEX YACC AWK INSTALLKERNEL
>  export PERL PYTHON PYTHON3 CHECK CHECKFLAGS MAKE UTS_MACHINE HOSTCXX
> diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.llvm b/scripts/Makefile.llvm
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..0bab45a100a3
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/scripts/Makefile.llvm
> @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
> +LLVM_SUFFIX=
> +
> +ifneq ($(LLVM),y)
> +LLVM_SUFFIX += -$(LLVM)
> +endif
> +
> +define META_set =
> +ifeq "$(origin $(1))" "file"
> +$(1) := $(2)$(strip $(LLVM_SUFFIX))
> +else
> +override $(1) := $(CROSS_COMPILE)$($(1))
> +endif
> +endef
> +
> +$(eval $(call META_set,CC,clang))
> +$(eval $(call META_set,AS,clang))
> +$(eval $(call META_set,LD,ld.lld))
> +$(eval $(call META_set,AR,llvm-ar))
> +$(eval $(call META_set,NM,llvm-nm))
> +$(eval $(call META_set,STRIP,llvm-strip))
> +$(eval $(call META_set,OBJCOPY,llvm-objcopy))
> +$(eval $(call META_set,OBJDUMP,llvm-objdump))
> +$(eval $(call META_set,OBJSIZE,llvm-objsize))
> +$(eval $(call META_set,READELF,llvm-readelf))
> +$(eval $(call META_set,HOSTCC,clang))
> +$(eval $(call META_set,HOSTCXX,clang++))
> +$(eval $(call META_set,HOSTAR,llvm-ar))
> +$(eval $(call META_set,HOSTLD,ld.lld))
> +
> +## TODO: HOSTAR, HOSTLD in tools/objtool/Makefile
> --
> 2.25.1.481.gfbce0eb801-goog
>


-- 
Thanks,
~Nick Desaulniers