Re: [PATCH v4 2/2] riscv: dts: spacemit: Add cpu scaling for K1 SoC
From: Andre Heider
Date: Fri Jun 26 2026 - 06:37:11 EST
On 26.06.26 10:10 AM, Shuwei Wu wrote:
Add CPU clock properties and OPP tables for the two CPU clusters in the
SpacemiT K1 SoC. The OPP entries use voltage ranges because the CPU
supply is shared by both clusters.
Enable CPU DVFS on Banana Pi BPI-F3 by including the OPP tables and
wiring the CPU nodes to the CPU regulator supply.
Signed-off-by: Shuwei Wu <shuwei.wu@xxxxxxxxxxx>
With the musepi-pro dts enablement patch [0] on top, this is
Tested-by: Andre Heider <a.heider@xxxxxxxxx> # k1-musepi-pro
Works as advertised, I get two policies, matching the clusters:
$ cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy0/related_cpus
0 1 2 3
$ cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy4/related_cpus
4 5 6 7
Some time after boot:
$ cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy0/stats/time_in_state
614400 31124
819000 185
1000000 158
1228800 341
1600000 1148
$ cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy4/stats/time_in_state
614400 29232
819000 198
1000000 212
1228800 443
1600000 3428
Creating one single-threaded load increases max freq time_in_state in one policy (4 here):
$ yes > /dev/null &
(...after some time)
$ cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy0/stats/time_in_state
614400 45244
819000 187
1000000 169
1228800 345
1600000 1148
$ cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy4/stats/time_in_state
614400 38794
819000 201
1000000 226
1228800 450
1600000 7580
Creating load for all 8 cores in both:
$ yes > /dev/null &
$ yes > /dev/null &
$ yes > /dev/null &
$ yes > /dev/null &
$ yes > /dev/null &
$ yes > /dev/null &
$ yes > /dev/null &
$ yes > /dev/null &
$ cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy0/stats/time_in_state
614400 51371
819000 190
1000000 171
1228800 352
1600000 4391
$ cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy4/stats/time_in_state
614400 44121
819000 203
1000000 244
1228800 452
1600000 11812
Thanks!
Andre
[0] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260614122812.2287506-1-a.heider@xxxxxxxxx/
---
Changes in v4:
- Use separate OPP tables for the two CPU clock clusters
- Use voltage ranges for the shared CPU supply
Changes in v3:
- Use one shared CPU OPP table for all CPUs
Changes in v2:
- Add k1-opp.dtsi with OPP tables for both CPU clusters
- Assign CPU supplies and include OPP table for Banana Pi BPI-F3
---
---
arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1-bananapi-f3.dts | 35 +++++++-
arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1-opp.dtsi | 105 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1.dtsi | 8 ++
3 files changed, 147 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1-bananapi-f3.dts b/arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1-bananapi-f3.dts
index 444c3b1e6f44..487179f7b9b9 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1-bananapi-f3.dts
+++ b/arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1-bananapi-f3.dts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
*/
#include "k1.dtsi"
+#include "k1-opp.dtsi"
#include "k1-pinctrl.dtsi"
/ {
@@ -86,6 +87,38 @@ &combo_phy {
status = "okay";
};
+&cpu_0 {
+ cpu-supply = <&buck1_0v9>;
+};
+
+&cpu_1 {
+ cpu-supply = <&buck1_0v9>;
+};
+
+&cpu_2 {
+ cpu-supply = <&buck1_0v9>;
+};
+
+&cpu_3 {
+ cpu-supply = <&buck1_0v9>;
+};
+
+&cpu_4 {
+ cpu-supply = <&buck1_0v9>;
+};
+
+&cpu_5 {
+ cpu-supply = <&buck1_0v9>;
+};
+
+&cpu_6 {
+ cpu-supply = <&buck1_0v9>;
+};
+
+&cpu_7 {
+ cpu-supply = <&buck1_0v9>;
+};
+
&emmc {
bus-width = <8>;
mmc-hs400-1_8v;
@@ -201,7 +234,7 @@ pmic@41 {
dldoin2-supply = <&buck5>;
regulators {
- buck1 {
+ buck1_0v9: buck1 {
regulator-min-microvolt = <500000>;
regulator-max-microvolt = <3450000>;
regulator-ramp-delay = <5000>;
diff --git a/arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1-opp.dtsi b/arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1-opp.dtsi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4cebfcd87485
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1-opp.dtsi
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0+ OR MIT)
+
+/ {
+ cluster0_opp_table: opp-table-cluster0 {
+ compatible = "operating-points-v2";
+ opp-shared;
+
+ opp-614400000 {
+ opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <614400000>;
+ opp-microvolt = <950000 950000 1050000>;
+ clock-latency-ns = <200000>;
+ };
+
+ opp-819000000 {
+ opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <819000000>;
+ opp-microvolt = <950000 950000 1050000>;
+ clock-latency-ns = <200000>;
+ };
+
+ opp-1000000000 {
+ opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <1000000000>;
+ opp-microvolt = <950000 950000 1050000>;
+ clock-latency-ns = <200000>;
+ };
+
+ opp-1228800000 {
+ opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <1228800000>;
+ opp-microvolt = <950000 950000 1050000>;
+ clock-latency-ns = <200000>;
+ };
+
+ opp-1600000000 {
+ opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <1600000000>;
+ opp-microvolt = <1050000 1050000 1050000>;
+ clock-latency-ns = <200000>;
+ };
+ };
+
+ cluster1_opp_table: opp-table-cluster1 {
+ compatible = "operating-points-v2";
+ opp-shared;
+
+ opp-614400000 {
+ opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <614400000>;
+ opp-microvolt = <950000 950000 1050000>;
+ clock-latency-ns = <200000>;
+ };
+
+ opp-819000000 {
+ opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <819000000>;
+ opp-microvolt = <950000 950000 1050000>;
+ clock-latency-ns = <200000>;
+ };
+
+ opp-1000000000 {
+ opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <1000000000>;
+ opp-microvolt = <950000 950000 1050000>;
+ clock-latency-ns = <200000>;
+ };
+
+ opp-1228800000 {
+ opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <1228800000>;
+ opp-microvolt = <950000 950000 1050000>;
+ clock-latency-ns = <200000>;
+ };
+
+ opp-1600000000 {
+ opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <1600000000>;
+ opp-microvolt = <1050000 1050000 1050000>;
+ clock-latency-ns = <200000>;
+ };
+ };
+};
+
+&cpu_0 {
+ operating-points-v2 = <&cluster0_opp_table>;
+};
+
+&cpu_1 {
+ operating-points-v2 = <&cluster0_opp_table>;
+};
+
+&cpu_2 {
+ operating-points-v2 = <&cluster0_opp_table>;
+};
+
+&cpu_3 {
+ operating-points-v2 = <&cluster0_opp_table>;
+};
+
+&cpu_4 {
+ operating-points-v2 = <&cluster1_opp_table>;
+};
+
+&cpu_5 {
+ operating-points-v2 = <&cluster1_opp_table>;
+};
+
+&cpu_6 {
+ operating-points-v2 = <&cluster1_opp_table>;
+};
+
+&cpu_7 {
+ operating-points-v2 = <&cluster1_opp_table>;
+};
diff --git a/arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1.dtsi b/arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1.dtsi
index 529ec68e9c23..bdd109b81730 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1.dtsi
+++ b/arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1.dtsi
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ cpu_0: cpu@0 {
compatible = "spacemit,x60", "riscv";
device_type = "cpu";
reg = <0>;
+ clocks = <&syscon_apmu CLK_CPU_C0_CORE>;
riscv,isa = "rv64imafdcbv_zicbom_zicbop_zicboz_zicntr_zicond_zicsr_zifencei_zihintpause_zihpm_zfh_zba_zbb_zbc_zbs_zkt_zvfh_zvkt_sscofpmf_sstc_svinval_svnapot_svpbmt";
riscv,isa-base = "rv64i";
riscv,isa-extensions = "i", "m", "a", "f", "d", "c", "b", "v", "zicbom",
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ cpu_1: cpu@1 {
compatible = "spacemit,x60", "riscv";
device_type = "cpu";
reg = <1>;
+ clocks = <&syscon_apmu CLK_CPU_C0_CORE>;
riscv,isa = "rv64imafdcbv_zicbom_zicbop_zicboz_zicntr_zicond_zicsr_zifencei_zihintpause_zihpm_zfh_zba_zbb_zbc_zbs_zkt_zvfh_zvkt_sscofpmf_sstc_svinval_svnapot_svpbmt";
riscv,isa-base = "rv64i";
riscv,isa-extensions = "i", "m", "a", "f", "d", "c", "b", "v", "zicbom",
@@ -114,6 +116,7 @@ cpu_2: cpu@2 {
compatible = "spacemit,x60", "riscv";
device_type = "cpu";
reg = <2>;
+ clocks = <&syscon_apmu CLK_CPU_C0_CORE>;
riscv,isa = "rv64imafdcbv_zicbom_zicbop_zicboz_zicntr_zicond_zicsr_zifencei_zihintpause_zihpm_zfh_zba_zbb_zbc_zbs_zkt_zvfh_zvkt_sscofpmf_sstc_svinval_svnapot_svpbmt";
riscv,isa-base = "rv64i";
riscv,isa-extensions = "i", "m", "a", "f", "d", "c", "b", "v", "zicbom",
@@ -144,6 +147,7 @@ cpu_3: cpu@3 {
compatible = "spacemit,x60", "riscv";
device_type = "cpu";
reg = <3>;
+ clocks = <&syscon_apmu CLK_CPU_C0_CORE>;
riscv,isa = "rv64imafdcbv_zicbom_zicbop_zicboz_zicntr_zicond_zicsr_zifencei_zihintpause_zihpm_zfh_zba_zbb_zbc_zbs_zkt_zvfh_zvkt_sscofpmf_sstc_svinval_svnapot_svpbmt";
riscv,isa-base = "rv64i";
riscv,isa-extensions = "i", "m", "a", "f", "d", "c", "b", "v", "zicbom",
@@ -174,6 +178,7 @@ cpu_4: cpu@4 {
compatible = "spacemit,x60", "riscv";
device_type = "cpu";
reg = <4>;
+ clocks = <&syscon_apmu CLK_CPU_C1_CORE>;
riscv,isa = "rv64imafdcbv_zicbom_zicbop_zicboz_zicntr_zicond_zicsr_zifencei_zihintpause_zihpm_zfh_zba_zbb_zbc_zbs_zkt_zvfh_zvkt_sscofpmf_sstc_svinval_svnapot_svpbmt";
riscv,isa-base = "rv64i";
riscv,isa-extensions = "i", "m", "a", "f", "d", "c", "b", "v", "zicbom",
@@ -204,6 +209,7 @@ cpu_5: cpu@5 {
compatible = "spacemit,x60", "riscv";
device_type = "cpu";
reg = <5>;
+ clocks = <&syscon_apmu CLK_CPU_C1_CORE>;
riscv,isa = "rv64imafdcbv_zicbom_zicbop_zicboz_zicntr_zicond_zicsr_zifencei_zihintpause_zihpm_zfh_zba_zbb_zbc_zbs_zkt_zvfh_zvkt_sscofpmf_sstc_svinval_svnapot_svpbmt";
riscv,isa-base = "rv64i";
riscv,isa-extensions = "i", "m", "a", "f", "d", "c", "b", "v", "zicbom",
@@ -234,6 +240,7 @@ cpu_6: cpu@6 {
compatible = "spacemit,x60", "riscv";
device_type = "cpu";
reg = <6>;
+ clocks = <&syscon_apmu CLK_CPU_C1_CORE>;
riscv,isa = "rv64imafdcbv_zicbom_zicbop_zicboz_zicntr_zicond_zicsr_zifencei_zihintpause_zihpm_zfh_zba_zbb_zbc_zbs_zkt_zvfh_zvkt_sscofpmf_sstc_svinval_svnapot_svpbmt";
riscv,isa-base = "rv64i";
riscv,isa-extensions = "i", "m", "a", "f", "d", "c", "b", "v", "zicbom",
@@ -264,6 +271,7 @@ cpu_7: cpu@7 {
compatible = "spacemit,x60", "riscv";
device_type = "cpu";
reg = <7>;
+ clocks = <&syscon_apmu CLK_CPU_C1_CORE>;
riscv,isa = "rv64imafdcbv_zicbom_zicbop_zicboz_zicntr_zicond_zicsr_zifencei_zihintpause_zihpm_zfh_zba_zbb_zbc_zbs_zkt_zvfh_zvkt_sscofpmf_sstc_svinval_svnapot_svpbmt";
riscv,isa-base = "rv64i";
riscv,isa-extensions = "i", "m", "a", "f", "d", "c", "b", "v", "zicbom",